CCM 10.2. Publishers and distributors

10.2. Publishers and distributors

Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged. Springfield, Mass : G. & C. Merriam, 1965.
Webster's defines a publisher as "the reproducer of a work intended for public consumption." The publisher, in fact, may coordinate many activities involved with "publishing": deciding what to publish, how to publish it, who will print it, and how it will be distributed. The publisher may be a corporate body, a person, or a serial (i.e., the editors of a serial).
10.2.1. Corporate body as publisher
A corporate body may serve several functions. It may publish a serial (i.e., it makes the serial available to the public), and/or it may issue the serial (i.e., it is also responsible for the contents). The terms "commercial publisher" and "issuing body" are generally used to distinguish these functions.
A corporate body that appears in a serial may also be neither publisher nor issuing body. The cataloger sometimes must discern bodies that are publishers from others whose functions are different or unknown, basing determinations on information from inside or outside the publication and on general knowledge of publications.
Examples of Sources of the Publishing Statement


Fig. 10.1. Foot of title page
260 ## $a Washington, D.C. : $b World Bank
260 ## $a Harrow, Middlesex : $b General Gramophone Publications



Fig. 10.2 Masthead
a. Types of bodies
Commercial publisher. A corporate body whose primary function is that of publishing is referred to by catalogers as a "commercial publisher." Firms such as Random House, Harper & Row, Time/Life Books, and Elsevier are commercial publishers, as are university presses.

Issuing body. Unlike most monographs that are the work of one or more persons, serials are often the work of one or more corporate entities. These entities may be both responsible for the content and the publishing. Corporate bodies that are not primarily in the business of publishing but which are responsible for the issuance, and often the contents, of the serial are referred to as "issuing bodies." These may be non-profit societies, institutions, government agencies, or commercial firms whose primary function is not publishing (e.g., IBM). In some cases a commercial publisher may "issue" the serial because it takes on the function of compiling the data, writing the text, etc. An example is Bell & Howell Information and Learning which issues publications such as Dissertation Abstracts. In other instances, a serial may be published by a commercial publisher for an issuing body.

Fig. 10.3a. Masthead
In Fig. 10.3. the commercial publisher is Biopress Limited; the issuing body is the International Society for Diatom Research.
245 00 $a Diatom research : $b the journal of the International Society for Diatom Research.
260 ## $a Bristol, England : $b Biopress Ltd., $c [1986]-


Fig.10.3b. Cover
Distinguishing between corporate entities that publish and those that issue serials is important when deciding whether to give an added entry for the body (AACR2 21.30E1) or when noting changes that occur in later issues (see CCM 10.6; AACR2 12.7B11.2).
b. Sources of the publishing statement

Record the publisher from a publishing statement found anywhere in the item. A body found at the foot of the title page is commonly assumed to be the publisher. (Fig. 10.1.) There may be an explicit publisher statement prefaced by the words “published by,” given in addition to or instead of a statement on the title page with the same or different information. For most periodicals, the publisher is found on the editorial page, often in the masthead (Fig. 10.2.). In many cases there is no publishing statement per se. Instead the name of the responsible body may appear as part of the title, at the head of the title, on the cover, or elsewhere. In Fig. 10.4., the Council, which appears prominently at the head of the title, is the issuing body. Since the only other body given is explicitly stated as the printer, the Council is transcribed as the publisher.
110 2# $a Kuching Municipal Council.
245 10 $a Annual report for ... / $c Kuching Municipal Council.
260 ## $a Kuching, Sarawak : $b Kuching Municipal Council


Fig. 10.4.
If there are several statements in different sources, generally prefer the information found on the chief source or preliminaries. In general, take the name of the publisher from one source, particularly in the case of corporate hierarchies; do not piece together the name of the publisher from several sources.
c. Selecting from multiple publisher(s) or publishing statements
1) Multiple languages or scripts (AACR2 1.4D2)

When a publisher's name is given in more than one language or script, give the name in the language or script of the title proper, or if this does not apply, in the language that appears first.
245 00 $a Sawmills = $b Scieries.
246 31 $a Scieries
260 ## $a Ottawa : $b Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Industry and Merchandising Division


Fig. 10.5.
2) More than one body given
When the serial presents names of several corporate bodies, make the following determinations:
* Whether the bodies are performing the same or different functions
* Whether the bodies are separate organizations or elements of a corporate hierarchy (if the latter is the case there is only one body represented)
* Whether the bodies are presented in separate statements or one grammatically linked statement
(a). More than one body serving the same function.


Fig. 10.6.

While AACR2 1.4D4 says to record the first publisher, the accompanying LCRI says to record all publishers given on the chief source. The RI was written to simplify the decision–don't worry about which to record or not to record. When several bodies are recorded in separate statements, record each in a separate subfield $b. If there is one grammatically linked statement, record the entire statement in one subfield $b. If one publisher is given on the chief source and additional publishers are given elsewhere, record only the one given on the chief source, unless a U.S. publisher is given elsewhere (LCRI 1.4D4).
260 ## $a London : $b Stevens ; $a Chicago, Ill. : $b Quadrangle Books
260 ## $a Washington, D.C. : $b U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management : $b U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service
260 ## $a Harare, Zimbabwe : $b Southern African Forum against Corruption and the Human Rights Trust of Southern Africa
Apply the LCRI also to non-commercial publishers that are not part of the same organization. Fig. 10.6. is a directory of two associations, both of which are given in the publishing statement. Since there is no connecting word or phrase, each is given in a separate subfield $b.
260 ## $a Washington, D.C. : $b Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities : $b Jesuit Secondary Education Association
(b). More than one body serving different functions.
If there is one statement, record the entire statement as the publisher.
260 ## $a London : $b Published for the Institute of Directors by the Director Publications Ltd.
260 ## $a Oxford ; $a Boston : $b Published in association with the IUCC by Blackwell Scientific Publications, $c c1984-

If there are several bodies mentioned in separate statements, prefer a commercial publisher over an issuing body and prefer a body whose function is publishing or issuing over that of printing or preparation of the contents. As appropriate, the other body may be included in an issuing body note (field 550), when not already given in the description. If the other body is a distributor, see CCM 10.2.5.
In Fig. 10.7., a commercial publisher is publishing the serial for an issuing body. Since the two are joined grammatically, the entire statement is given as a single publishing statement.
260 ## $a London ; $a San Diego : $b Published for the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants by Academic Press, $c c1990-


Fig. 10.7.
3) Government printers recorded as publisher
A government printer named on the item is recorded as the publisher when there is no evidence that its function is not that of a publisher or distributor. If, however, another body appears prominently on the item and the government printing office is named only in a less prominent position, it is probable that the office is functioning only as a printer and that the body is the publisher (LCRI 1.4D1). In the United States, most federal government publications are considered to be issued by an agency, such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The Government Printing Office may serve as the printer and the Superintendent of Documents as the distributor but neither is the publisher. U.S. congressional reports and documents are published and printed by the GPO. On such publications, "Government Printing Office" appears in the publishing position at the foot of the title page and is recorded as the publisher. In general, a government printer is either recorded as the publisher/distributor or not at all; it is not generally recorded as the manufacturer. For instructions concerning non-government printers, see CCM 10.5.
260 ## $a London : $b H.M.S.O.
260 ## $a Washington, D.C. : $b U.S. G.P.O.
260 ## $a Washington, D.C. : $b Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service : $b For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O.
260 ## $a Nairobi, Kenya : $b Govt. Printer
Omit the name of a person serving as government printer when the name appears on the piece.
On piece:
R.S. Wallbank, Government Printer
In record:
: $b Govt. Printer
d. Recording names of corporate bodies as publishers
1) Capitalization
Capitalize names of places and bodies according to the rules for the language involved (AACR2 A.7A1).
260 ## $a Genève : $b Organisation mondiale de la santé
When there is no place or publisher, capitalize as: (AACR2 A.7B1)
260 ## $a [S.l. : $b s.n.]
2) Shortening the name of the publisher

Prior to the 2002 revision of AACR2, publisher statements could be abbreviated to include just the generic term for the corporate body when the full name also appeared in the statement of responsibility or title. The rule (former 1.4D4) was deleted in order to provide better searching access on field 260.
Past practice:
245 00 $a Utopian studies : $b journal of the Society for Utopian Studies.
260 ## $a St. Louis, MO : $b The Society, $c 1990-
Current practice:
245 00 $a Utopian studies : $b journal of the Society for Utopian Studies.
260 ## $a St. Louis, MO : $b Society for Utopian Studies, $c 1990-


Fig. 10.8.
3) Abbreviations for terms used in the publishing statement
Abbreviate words that are part of the name and are retained, or that precede the publishing statement when such words are found in AACR2 Appendix B. Note that the abbreviation "Pub." stands for "Publishing" and not "Publishers," "Published," or "Publications." Note also the abbreviations "G.P.O.," for Government Printing Office and "H.M.S.O.," for Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Other commonly used abbreviations are "Dept." (Department), "Corp." (Corporation), "Co." (Company), and "Print." (Printing).
4) Omitting parts of the name
According to AACR2 1.4D2, give the publisher in the shortest possible form

Note that this is more of a concern for commercial publishers than other types of non- commercial issuing bodies.
"in which it can be understood and identified internationally”. Since this is not always easy to determine, LCRI 1.4D2 attempts to simplify the situation by saying to shorten or not shorten as is most efficient and effective. Do not worry about judging the international identifiability of the name.
On piece:
J.H. Stevens and Sons
In record:
260 ## $a London : $b Stevens
or:
260 ## $a London : $b J.H. Stevens

When a non-commercial publisher is part of a hierarchy that is given in a single statement, record the entire hierarchy. In Fig. 10.9., the publishing statement would be:
260 ## $a Austin, Tex. : $b Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Dept. and Chemical Engineering Dept., University of Texas, $c c1990-


Fig. 10.9.
Unnecessary parts of the hierarchy of commercial publishing firms may be omitted according to LCRI 1.4D2. For example, when a publisher is a subsidiary, the parent company may be omitted.
On piece:
Published by Appleton-Century-Crofts, Division of Meredith Publishing Company
In record:
260 ## $a New York, N.Y. : $b Appleton-Century-Crofts, $c 1967-

260 ## $a San Diego, Calif. : $b D.A.T.A. Business Pub.


Fig. 10.10.


Fig. 10.11.

260 ## $a Princeton [N.J.] : $b Excerpta Medica
5) Omitting preceding words
AACR2 1.4D3 says to omit words that are unnecessary, such as "published by", "publisher:" and so forth. Such words are unnecessary because of the placement of the information in the publishing area (Fig. 10.8.). Preceding words are retained when they imply something other than publishing or when two statements are grammatically linked to one another (see Fig. 10.7.).
On piece:
Published bi-weekly by the Wall Street Transcript Corporation
In record:
260 ## $a New York, N.Y. : $b Wall Street Transcript Corp.
310 ## $a Biweekly
On piece:
Published for the Institute of Directors by the Director Publications Ltd, ...
In record:
260 ## $a ... : $b Published for the Institute of Directors by the Director Publications Ltd.
Statements such as "prepared by," "edited by," "compiled by," etc. are not usually considered to be publishing statements. The body given following such terms is recorded as publisher only when there is other evidence that shows this to be the case.
When a statement such as "prepared for ... by ..." appears on the piece, the body for whom it was prepared is generally considered to be the publisher as well as the issuing body.
On piece:
Prepared for the: Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association, 200 Castlewood Drive, North Palm Beach, Florida 33408 ... by: American Sports Data, Inc., 234 N. Central Avenue, Hartsdale, NY 10530 ...
In record:
245 00 $a ... / $c prepared for the Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association by American Sports Data, Inc.
260 ## $a North Palm Beach, Fla. : $b Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association
10.2.2. Person as publisher
a. When to give
A person is recorded as the publisher only when he or she is named as the publisher and is acting alone and not as the representative of a firm. In the current age of desktop and online publishing, this is becoming more common. When recording the name of a person as publisher, the first names have traditionally been abbreviated to the first initials, but the full form of name may also be given (LCRI 1.4D2.).
On piece:
Editor and publisher: Newton W. Miller (no name of firm given)
In record:
260 ## $a Redlands, Calif. : $b Newton W. Miller
or:
260 ## $a Redlands, Calif. : $b N.W. Miller

Fig. 10.12a. Caption

Fig. 10.12b. Masthead
b. When not to give


Fig. 10.13.

Do not record as a publisher persons whose job title is "publisher" when there is a commercial publishing company. Do not record names of officials of government agencies as publishers; instead, record the name of the agency (LCRI 1.4D2).
In Fig. 10.13. while Richard W. Helbock is named as the publisher and is also given as the owner and publisher in the masthead, La Posta Publications is given in the publishing statement of the masthead.
260 ## $a Lake Oswego, OR : $b La Posta Publications

In Fig. 10.14., Hance, Sharp, and Nugent are officials of the Commission. Their names are omitted from the cataloging record because they have no responsibility for the publication of the serial.
245 00 $a Gas utility information bulletin / $c Railroad Commission of Texas, Transportation/Gas Utilities Division.
260 ## $a [Austin, Tex.] : $b Railroad Commission of Texas, Transportation/Gas Utilities Division


Fig. 10.14.
10.2.3. Name of serial as publisher
If the publishing statement gives only the name of the serial being cataloged or the name of another serial, record the name of the serial as the publisher. Retain terms such as "Inc." or "Ltd." when they appear with the name for clarity (A.7A1). Capitalize each word in the title according to the rules for corporate bodies.


Fig. 10.15.

245 00 $a Sports illustrated.
260 ## $a ... : $b Time, Inc.
245 00 $a Dirty linen.
260 ## $a Baltimore, MD : $b Dirty Linen, Ltd.
245 00 $a U.S. industrial export directory.
260 ## $a Stamford, Conn. : $b U.S. Industrial Export Directory, $c [1990]- (Fig. 10.15.)
10.2.4. Publisher unknown

Give "[s.n.]" when there is no publishing statement and there is no probable publisher that could be supplied.
260 ## $a [New York? : $b s.n.]
260 ## $a [S.l. : $b s.n.]
260 ## $a Paris [Maine : $b s.n.]
In Fig. 10.16. there is no publisher presented on the piece, only an editor. Thus, the publishing statement is transcribed as:
260 ## $a Arlington, Tex. : $b [s.n.]


Fig. 10.16.
10.2.5. Distributor
a. Definition
AACR2 defines a distributor as "an agent or agency that has exclusive or shared marketing rights for an item." The distributor makes the serial available to the public in cases where the publisher is not in a position to do so. For users of the catalog record who are interested in obtaining the publication, the distributor data can be key information. Distributors may be commercial in nature or may be associated with a government agency or other type of issuing body. Examples of distributors are the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. G.P.O., and the National Technical Information Service (NTIS).
b. Recording the name of a distributor
Record the name of the distributor in a separate statement when given in the item (following guidelines in LCRI 1.4D4). Capitalize the first word in the statement (AACR2 A.7B1). If the name appears without words explaining the function of the body, supply the word "distributor" in brackets after the name (AACR2 1.4E1/LCRI).
Distributor statement explicitly stated on piece
On piece:
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, United States Government Printing Office.
In record:
260 ## $a Washington, D.C. : $b Scientific and Technical Services, Meat and Poultry Inspection Program, Food and Safety Quality Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture : $b For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O.
Distributor statement not explicitly stated on piece
On piece:
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
In record:
260 ## $a Washington, D.C. : $b U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management ; $b Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O. [distributor]


Fig. 10.17a. Cover


Fig. 10.17b. Masthead
260 ## $a London : $b Listener Publications Ltd : $b Distributed by BBC Frontline Ltd.
10.2.6. Recording other bodies
If a corporate body appearing on the piece is in some way responsible for the serial but has not been recorded in the statement of responsibility or the publishing statement, it may be recorded in a note (see Module 13).
260 ## $a Wien ; $a New York : $b Springer-Verlag
550 ## $a Organ of: Internationale Gesellschaft für Neurovegetative Forschung.
260 ## $a Leiden : $b E.J. Brill, $c 1966-1971.
550 ## $a Vols. 1-3 published under the auspices of the Netherlands Committee of Historical Sciences; v. 4-5 under the auspices of the Netherlands Historical Association.
If a corporate body appears on the piece (other than on the chief source), but represents a function that is judged to be unimportant or that is unknown, it generally may be omitted from the record entirely. If considered important for identification, it may be recorded in an “At head of title” note or in a general quoted note, as appropriate.