AACR2 1.4. Publication, Distribution, Etc., Area

1.4. Publication, Distribution, Etc., Area
1.4A. Preliminary rule
1.4A1. Punctuation
For instructions on the use of spaces before and after prescribed punctuation, see 1.0C.
Precede this area by a full stop, space, dash, space.
Precede a second or subsequently named place of publication, distribution, etc., by a semicolon.
Precede the name of a publisher, distributor, etc., by a colon.
Enclose a supplied statement of function of a publisher, distributor, etc., in square brackets.
Precede the date of publication, distribution, etc., by a comma.
Enclose the details of manufacture (place, name, date) in parentheses.
Precede the name of a manufacturer by a colon.
Precede the date of manufacture by a comma.
For the use of the equals sign to precede parallel statements, see the appropriate rules following.
1.4A2. Sources of information
Give in this area information taken from the chief source of information or from any other source prescribed for this area in the following chapters. Enclose in square brackets information supplied from a source other than those prescribed.
1.4B. General rule
1.4B1.
In this area, record information about the place, name, and date of all types of publishing, distributing, releasing, and issuing activities. For unpublished materials, see 1.4C8, 1.4D8, and 1.4F9-1.4F10.
1.4B2.
Record information relating to the manufacture of the item in this area.
1.4B3.
When more than one place, name, or date is recorded in this area, give them in the order that is appropriate to the item being described.
1.4B4.
Give names of places, persons, or bodies as they appear, omitting accompanying prepositions unless case endings would be affected. Use abbreviations as instructed in appendix B.


Berolini

… : Im Deutschen Verlag
but


Paris
not

À Paris

… : University of Leeds, Dept. of Spanish
not

… : University of Leeds, Department of Spanish
1.4B5.
If the original publication details are covered by a label containing publication details relating to a reproduction, reissue, etc., give the publication details of the later publication in this area. Give the publication details of the original in a note (see 1.7B9) if they can be ascertained readily.
1.4B6.
If an item is known to have fictitious publication, distribution, etc., details, give them in the conventional order. Supply the real publication, distribution, etc., details as a correction if they are known.
Belfast [i.e. Dublin : s.n.], 1982
Paris : Impr. Vincent, 1798 [i.e. Bruxelles : Moens, 1883]
1.4C. Place of publication, distribution, etc.
1.4C1.
Transcribe a place of publication, etc., in the form and the grammatical case in which it appears.
Köln
Lugduni Batavorum
Den Haag
If the name of a place appears in more than one language or script, give the form in the language or script of the title proper. If this criterion does not apply, give the form that appears first.
1.4C2.
Supply another form of the name of a place if such an addition is considered desirable as an aid to identifying the place, using the English form of name if there is one.
Lerpwl [Liverpool]
Christiania [Oslo]
1.4C3.
If the name of the country, state, province, etc., appears in the source of information, transcribe it after the name of the place if it is considered necessary for identification, or if it is considered necessary to distinguish the place from others of the same name. Supply the name of the country, state, province, etc., if it does not appear in the source of information but is considered necessary for identification or distinction, using the English form of name if there is one. Use abbreviations (see B.14).
City and country, etc., appear in prescribed source of information
Tolworth, England
Carbondale, Ill.
City alone appears in prescribed source of information
Waco [Tex.]
London [Ont.]
Santiago [Chile]
Renens [Switzerland]
1.4C4.
If a place name is found only in an abbreviated form in the item, transcribe it as found, and add the full form or complete the name.
Mpls [i.e. Minneapolis]
Rio [de Janeiro]
1.4C5.
If two or more places in which a publisher, distributor, etc., has offices are named in the item, give the first named place. Give any subsequently named place that is given prominence by the layout or typography of the source of information. If the first named place and any place given prominence are not in the home country of the cataloguing agency, give also the first of any subsequently named places that is in the home country. Omit all other places.
Toronto
(Source of information reads: Toronto, Buffalo, London. Cataloguing agency in Canada)
Montréal ; Toronto
(Toronto given prominence by typography)
London ; New York
(Cataloguing agency in the United States)
Toronto ; London
(Source of information reads: Toronto, Buffalo, London. Cataloguing agency in the United Kingdom)
New York ; London ; Sydney
(London given prominence by typography. Cataloguing agency in Australia)
For items with two or more places of publication, distribution, etc., relating to two or more publishers, distributors, etc., see 1.4D4.
1.4C6.
If the place of publication, distribution, etc., is uncertain, supply the probable place in the English form of the name if there is one, followed by a question mark.
[Munich?]
If no probable place can be given, supply if possible the name of the country, state, province, etc. If, in such a case, the country, state, province, etc., is not certain, follow it by a question mark.
[Canada]
[Spain?]
If no place or probable place can be given, give s.l. (sine loco), or its equivalent in a nonroman script.
[S.l.]
1.4C7.
Optionally, give the full address of a publisher, distributor, etc., after the name of the place. Enclose the full address in parentheses. Do not give the full address for major trade publishers.
London (108 Gloucester Ave., London, NW1 8HX)
1.4C8.
Do not record a place of publication, distribution, etc., for unpublished items (e.g., manuscripts, art originals, naturally occurring objects that have not been packaged for commercial distribution, unedited or unpublished film or video materials, stock shots, nonprocessed sound recordings, unpublished electronic resources). Do not record a place of publication, distribution, etc., for unpublished collections (including those containing published items but not published as collections). Do not give s.l. in either case.
1.4D. Name of publisher, distributor, etc.
1.4D1.
Give the name of the publisher, distributor, etc., following the place(s) to which it relates.
London : Macmillan
Toronto : University of Toronto Press
New York ; London : McGraw-Hill
Montréal ; London : Grolier
London : Sussex Tapes ; Wakefield : Educational Productions
New York ; London ; Sydney : Oxford University Press
1.4D2.
Give the name of a publisher, distributor, etc., in the shortest form in which it can be understood and identified internationally.
: Penguin
(Source of information reads: Penguin Books)
: W.H. Allen not : Allen
(Avoids confusion with other publishers called Allen)
: Da Capo
(Source of information reads: Da Capo Press, Inc., a subsidiary of Plenum Publishing Corporation)
If the shortest form of the name of the publisher, distributor, etc., is in more than one language or script, give the form that is in the language or script of the title proper. If this criterion does not apply, give the shortest form in the language or script that appears first.
Optionally, give the shortest form in each language or script. Precede each parallel statement by an equals sign. If the shortest form is the same in all languages or scripts, give it only once.


: Éditions du peuple = Commoner’s Pub.
but

: Høst
not

: Høst & Søns Forlag = Høst & Son Publisher
1.4D3.
In giving the name of a publisher, distributor, etc., retain:
a) words or phrases indicating the function (other than solely publishing) performed by the person or body
: Printed for the CLA by the Morriss Print. Co.
: Distributed by New York Graphic Society
: In Kommission bei O. Harrassowitz
: Allen & Unwin
(Source of information reads: Published by Allen & Unwin)
b) parts of the name required to differentiate between publishers, distributors, etc., or to identify subsidiary companies.


: Longmans, Green
but

: Longmans Educational not : Longmans
1.4D4.
If an item has two or more publishers, distributors, etc., describe it in terms of the first named and the corresponding place(s). In the following cases, add subsequently named publishers, distributors, etc., and their corresponding places (if they are different from the place(s) already named):
a) when the first and subsequently named entities are linked in a single statement
London : Macmillan for the University of York
b) when the first named entity is a distributor, releasing agency, etc., and a publisher is named subsequently
c) when a subsequently named entity is clearly distinguished as the principal publisher, distributor, etc., by layout or typography
Toronto : McClelland and Stewart : World Crafts Council
(Second publisher given prominence by typography)
d) when the subsequently named publisher, distributor, etc., is in the home country of the cataloguing agency and the first named publisher, distributor, etc., is not.
Paris : Gauthier-Villars ; Chicago : University of Chicago Press
(Cataloguing agency in the United States)
New York : Dutton ; Toronto : Clarke, Irwin
(Cataloguing agency in Canada)
1.4D5.
Optionally, give the name and, when appropriate, the place of a distributor when the first named entity is a publisher.
Stockholm : Grammofon AB BIS ; New York : Distributed by Qualitron Imports
1.4D6.
If the name of the publisher, distributor, etc., is unknown, give s.n. (sine nomine) or its equivalent in a nonroman script.
Paris : [s.n.]
1.4D7.
In case of doubt about whether a named agency is a publisher or a manufacturer, treat it as a publisher.
1.4D8.
Do not record the name of a publisher, distributor, etc., for unpublished items (e.g., manuscripts, art originals, naturally occurring objects that have not been packaged for commercial distribution, unedited or unpublished film or video materials, stock shots, nonprocessed sound recordings, unpublished electronic resources). Do not record the name of a publisher, distributor, etc., for unpublished collections (including those containing published items but not published as collections). Do not give s.n. in either case.
1.4E. Optional addition. Statement of function of publisher, distributor, etc.
1.4E1.
Add to the name of a publisher, distributor, etc., a term that clarifies the function of the publisher, distributor, etc., unless:


a)

the phrase naming the publisher, distributor, etc., includes words that indicate the function performed by the person(s) or body (bodies) named
or

b)

the function of the publishing, distributing, etc., agency is clear from the context.
Montréal : National Film Board of Canada ; London : Guild Sound and Vision [distributor]
London : Macmillan : Educational Service [distributor]
but
New York : Released by Beaux Arts
Oliver Twist [GMD] / Charles Dickens. – London : Chapman and Hall
1.4F. Date of publication, distribution, etc.
1.4F1.
For published items, give the date (i.e., year) of publication, distribution, etc., of the edition, revision, etc., named in the edition area. If there is no edition statement, give the date of the first publication of the edition to which the item belongs. Give dates in Western-style arabic numerals. If the date found in the item is not of the Gregorian or Julian calendar, give the date as found and follow it with the year(s) of the Gregorian or Julian calendar.
, 1975
, 4308 [1975]
, [4308 i.e. 1975]
, 5730 [1969 or 1970]
, anno 18 [1939] not , anno XVIII
, 1976 not ,
For unpublished items, see 1.4F9. For unpublished collections, see 1.4F10.
1.4F2.
Give the date as found in the item even if it is known to be incorrect. If a date is known to be incorrect, add the correct date.
, 1697 [i.e. 1967]
If necessary, explain any discrepancy in a note.
, 1963 [i.e. 1971]
Note: Originally issued as a sound disc in 1963; issued as a cassette in 1971
1.4F3.
Give the date of a named revision of an edition as the date of publication only if the revision is specified in the edition area (see 1.2D). In this case, give only the date of the named revision.
1.4F4.
If the publication date differs from the date of distribution, add the date of distribution if it is considered to be significant by the cataloguing agency. If the publisher and distributor are different, give the date(s) after the name(s) to which they apply.
London : Macmillan, 1971, [distributed 1973]
London : Educational Records, 1973 ; New York : Edcorp [distributor], 1975
Toronto : Royal Ontario Museum, 1971 ; Beckenham [England] : Edward Patterson [distributor]
(Distribution date known to be different but not recorded)
If the publication and distribution dates are the same, give the date after the last named publisher, distributor, etc.
New York : American Broadcasting Co. [production company] : Released by Xerox Films, 1973
1.4F5.
Optional addition. Give the latest date of copyright following the publication, distribution, etc., date if the copyright date is different.
, 1967, c1965
, [1981], p1975
1.4F6.
If the dates of publication, distribution, etc., are unknown, give the copyright date or, in its absence, the date of manufacture (indicated as such) in its place.
, c1967
, 1967 printing
, p1983
, 1979 pressing
1.4F7.
If no date of publication, distribution, etc., copyright date, or date of manufacture appears in an item, supply an approximate date of publication.

, [1971 or 1972]

one year or the other
, [1969?]

probable date
, [between 1906 and 1912]

use only for dates fewer than 20 years apart
, [ca. 1960]

approximate date
, [197-]

decade certain
, [197-?]

probable decade
, [18–]

century certain
, [18–?]

probable century
Optionally, give an approximate date of publication if it differs significantly from the date(s) specified in 1.4F6.
, [1982?], c1949
1.4F8. Dates for serials, integrating resources, and multipart items
If the first published issue, iteration, or part is available, give the beginning date followed by a hyphen. If the resource has ceased or is complete and the last published issue, iteration, or part is available, give the ending date, preceded by a hyphen. If the first and last published issues, iterations, or parts are available, give the beginning and ending publication dates, separated by a hyphen. If the publication date is the same for all issues, iterations, or parts, give only that date as the single date. For an updating loose-leaf, supply the date of the last update if considered important.
, 1988-
(First published issue available; resource still being published)
, -1997
(First published part not available)
, 1968-1973
(First and last published parts available)
, 1997
(All issues published in same year)
, 1995-1998 [updated 1999]
(First and last published iterations of an updating loose-leaf available; date of last update known)
If the first and/or last published issue, iteration, or part is not available, do not give the beginning and/or ending date; give information about the beginning and/or ending date in a note if it can be readily ascertained (see 1.7B9, 12.7B11.1).
Washington, D.C. : Smithsonian Institution
Note: Began in 1996
(First published issue not available but information about beginning date is known; resource still being published)
, 1996-
Note: Completed publication in 2000
(Last published part not available but information about ending date known)
Stockholm : Nordic Association for Research on Latin America
Note: Began in 1988; ceased in 1991
(First and last published issues not available but information about beginning and ending dates known)
Optionally, supply the beginning and/or ending publication date in the publication, distribution, etc., area if it can be readily ascertained.
Vancouver : University of British Columbia, [1998]-
(Earliest issue available: v. 1, no. 3, July 1998)
, 1997-[2000]
(Last published part not available but information about ending date known)
, [1988-1991]
(First and last published issues not available but information about beginning and ending dates known)
1.4F9.
Do not record a date for naturally occurring objects that have not been packaged for commercial distribution. For other unpublished items (e.g., manuscripts, art originals, unedited or unpublished film or video materials, stock shots, nonprocessed sound recordings, unpublished electronic resources), give the date of production (creation, inscription, manufacture, recording, etc.).
1.4F10.
Give the date or inclusive dates of unpublished collections (including those containing published items but not published as collections).
1.4G. Place of manufacture, name of manufacturer, date of manufacture
1.4G1.
If the name of the publisher is unknown and the place and name of the manufacturer are found in the item, give the place and name of the manufacturer.
[S.l. : s.n.], 1970 (London : High Fidelity Sound Studios)
1.4G2.
In recording the place and name of the manufacturer, follow the instructions in 1.4B-1.4D.
1.4G3.
If the date of manufacture is given in place of an unknown date of publication, distribution, etc. (see 1.4F6), do not repeat it here.
1.4G4.
Optional addition. Give the place, name of manufacturer, and/or date of manufacture if they are found in the item and differ from the place, name of publisher, distributor, etc., and date of publication, distribution, etc., and are considered important by the cataloguing agency.
London : Arts Council of Great Britain, 1976 (Twickenham : CTD Printers, 1974)
Harmondsworth : Penguin, 1949 (1963 printing)